关于曾国藩洋务观产生和形成的问题,论者多有探讨,但一般是从政治、经济的基础上来论述问题的,在此,笔者拟从文化史的角度加以分析考虑。 资本主义列强侵略中国使曾国藩产生危机感,是在第二次鸦片战争结束以后之事。此前,他并没有意识到“碧眼赤珠”、远道而来的“文明”客人们会对中国局势造成致命的威胁。所以,他在第一次鸦片战争及战争后所写下的家书、日记和信函等,更多是表现他对外国侵略者本能的痛恨和对前线战败官吏指挥失误的种种忧虑。例如,第一次鸦片战争期间,当英国侵略者改道攻占浙江沿海一带的宁波、定海、镇海等地时,曾国藩是归咎于中国败类之助虐,他说:“英夷滋扰以来,皆汉奸助之为虐。此辈食毛践土,丧尽天良,不知何日罪恶贯盈,始得聚而歼灭。”与此同时,他又认为,中国有外国无法比美的“纲常名教”,有驾驭局势的“圣明君相”在上,并视外国侵略者为尚未开化的“夷狄”,其不法行径虽可“痛恨”,但必然以失败告终。他说:“英夷在江苏滋扰”,虽曾攻陷镇江一带,并威胁到宁波、扬州等地,“然而天不降灾,圣人在上,故京师人心镇定。”他还批评其弟“虽明知蕞尔螳臂,不足以挡车 On the issue of the emergence and formation of Zeng Guofan’s Western views on the Westernization, many scholars have discussed it, but generally speaking from the political and economic basis, the author intends to analyze and consider it from the perspective of cultural history. The invasion of China by the capitalist powers and the aggression of China caused a sense of crisis in Zeng Guofan just after the end of the Second Opium War. Earlier, he did not realize that “blue sky and red beads”, “civilization” from afar guests will pose a deadly threat to the situation in China. Therefore, the family books, diaries and letters he wrote after the first Opium War and the war are more indicative of his hatred of the instincts of foreign invaders and the misgivings over the mismanagement of officials in the front line. For example, during the first Opium War, when the British invaders diverted and occupied areas such as Ningbo, Dinghai and Zhenhai in the coastal area of ​​Zhejiang, Zeng Guofan blamed the scum on China’s scum. He said: “Since the British invasion, all traitors At this time, he also believes that China has a foreign country can not be better than the United States, ”Guanyuan Mingjiao,“ have control The ”sanctity“ of the situation and the fact that the foreign invaders are ”uncivilized“ ”barbarians“ whose illegal acts can ”hate“ will inevitably end in failure. He said: ”Yingyi harassed Jiangsu“ and although it had captured Zhenjiang, it threatened places such as Ningbo and Yangzhou. ”However, when the weather was on its knees, Although I know Seoul Seoul mantis arm, not enough to stop the car