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造影方法已进一步发展,如内窥镜逆行胰胆造影术、经皮经肝胆管造影术、血管造影、超声显象、电子计算机体层摄影等,但鲜有能早期确诊胰腺癌而治愈的病例。近来对疑及胰腺肿瘤者,在超声显象引导下行穿刺活检,以提高对胰腺肿瘤细胞学诊断和鉴别诊断的能力。术前准备与术后护理与内窥镜活检同。有凝血功能障碍者禁做穿刺。患者于穿刺时必须固定体位。术后应卧床并至少观察12小时。超声显象引导行细针穿刺有两种操作方法。徒手穿刺取位时,在穿刺处用超声波作两个平面标记,而其深度则在屏幕上测出,该法适于肿瘤较大者。作者用另一种方法,即借助于中间有洞的或其旁备有推进针的探头作穿刺,对直径小于4cm的肿瘤几均可命中,因穿刺通道与波向平行,故需用非同质性材料制
Contrast-enhanced methods have been further developed, such as endoscopic retrograde pancreatic cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, angiography, ultrasound imaging, computed tomography, etc., but there are few cases of early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and cure. . Recently, biopsy-guided down-surgery biopsy has been performed for suspected pancreatic tumors to improve the cytological and differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Preoperative preparation is the same as postoperative care and endoscopic biopsy. Those with coagulopathy are banned from puncture. The patient must have a fixed position during the puncture. Should stay in bed after surgery and observe at least 12 hours. Ultrasound imaging guided fine needle puncture has two methods of operation. When the puncture is taken by hand, the two punctures are marked with ultrasound, and the depth is measured on the screen. This method is suitable for larger tumors. The author uses another method, that is, by means of a probe with a hole in the middle or with a propulsion needle next to it, it can hit several tumors with a diameter of less than 4 cm. Because the puncture channel is parallel to the wave direction, it needs to use different methods. Quality Materials