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The highly diagnostic performance of renal transstenotic pressure gradients (TSPG) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been well validated for assessment of the hemodynamic renal artery stenosis (RAS).1-4 Accordingly,an expert consensus panel of the American Heart Association recommended that a peak systolic gradient of at least 20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),or a mean pressure gradient of 10 mmHg,be used to identify candidate lesions for revascularization in symptomatic patients with RAS.