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基于《中国综合社会调查CGSS》数据,本文应用双边随机边界模型实证测度了我国劳动力市场上劳资双方掌握信息程度及其对最终工资的影响效应。发现总体上看,(1)劳动者由于信息不对称产生的“收入不足”现象较为普遍存在,平均意义上,企业在信息不对称下所获得的工资剩余将使工资水平低于均衡工资47.17%;而劳动者剩余则仅能使工资水平上升21.09%。这种较大悬殊掌握信息的程度使得实际工资水平比均衡工资低26.15%。(2)年度动态分析表明在过去的近10年时间里,通过工资制度改革,劳动者“收入不足”现象仍然较为严重,说明目前需在劳动关系角度增强劳动者的谈判能力,可能从这一角度入手能够制约或减少目前劳动者工资差距的进一步扩大的问题。(3)从企业异质性、地区差异性对双方获取工资剩余估计结果来看,小规模企业的劳动者获得的工资收入偏离均衡工资水平比中等规模、大规模企业组更为严重;东部地区企业劳动者获得的实际工资偏离均衡工资的程度小于其他区域的企业,同时发现到2011年,中、东、西三地区的劳动者工资收入已逐渐出现“趋同”的状态。(4)从劳动者个体特征来看,发现在50%、75%分位数上研究生以上学历劳动者的谈判能力反而强于企业谈判能力;同时从工资满意度的角度,发现工作非常不满意以及一般满意的劳动者,其工资谈判能力反而强于企业,但工作非常满意和比较满意的劳动者,其获得的工资较均衡工资平均低。最后在此基础上提出本文的相关建议。
Based on the data of China General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper uses the bilateral stochastic frontier model to empirically measure the degree of mastery of information between employers and employees in China's labor market and its effect on the final wage. The findings are as follows: (1) The phenomenon of “insufficient income ” caused by asymmetric information is common in laborers. On the average, the residual wage obtained by enterprises under asymmetric information will make the wage below the equilibrium wage 47.17%; while the surplus of workers can only raise the wage level by 21.09%. This greater disparity holds the message to the extent that the actual wage level is 26.15% lower than the equilibrium wage. (2) The annual dynamic analysis shows that in the past 10 years, through the reform of the wage system, the phenomenon of “insufficient income” of laborers remains serious, which shows that at present, the negotiation power of laborers needs to be enhanced in the aspect of labor relations, Starting from this perspective can restrict or reduce the current wage gap between workers to further expand the issue. (3) From the heterogeneity of enterprises and regional differences, we can see from the estimation results of the surplus of both parties that the salary income of laborers from small-scale enterprises deviates from the equilibrium wage more serious than the middle-scale and large-scale enterprise groups. In the eastern region The real wages obtained by workers in enterprises deviate from equilibrium wages to a lesser degree than those in other regions. At the same time, it has been found that by 2011, the wage income of laborers in central, east and west regions has gradually become “convergence”. (4) From the individual characteristics of laborers, we found that the negotiation ability of laborers with graduate degree or above is stronger than the bargaining power of enterprises at the level of 50% and 75%. At the same time, we find the work unsatisfactory from the perspective of wage satisfaction As well as those who are generally satisfied, their wage bargaining power is actually stronger than that of enterprises. However, those who are very satisfied and satisfied with their jobs receive lower average wages than their average wage. Finally, based on this, I put forward the relevant suggestions in this article.