在中小学语文尤其是中学语文文言课文的教学过程中,涉及到很多汉字知识,从概念上说,就有通假字、古今字、异体字、同源字、假借字等等。在中学语文教学界,无论是教师还是学生,绝大多数人是弄不清上述汉字概念及相关知识的,他们把文言文中出现的一些情况,大抵都认为是“通假”现象。本文从上述问题出发,澄清由来已久的错误知识和认识,为解决文言文教学等方面存在的问题提出参考意见。 In the process of teaching Chinese primary and middle school language, especially middle school Chinese classical text, it involves a lot of knowledge of Chinese characters. Conceptually speaking, there are Tongji characters, ancient and modern characters, different characters, homologous characters, borrowed words and so on. In the Chinese language teaching in secondary schools, the vast majority of people, both teachers and students, are unable to understand the above concepts of Chinese characters and related knowledge. They generally recognize some of the situations that appear in classical Chinese as “common false” phenomena. Based on the above problems, this article clarifies the long-standing wrong knowledge and understanding, and puts forward some suggestions for solving the existing problems in classical Chinese teaching.