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美国黑人作家詹姆斯·鲍德温的宗教情感经历了从信仰到背叛再到回归的过程,其宗教观与德里达“没有宗教的宗教”有异曲同工之妙。从解构主义角度出发,分析鲍德温以《向苍天呼吁》和《阿门角》为代表的宗教主题作品对上帝中心主义的消解,解读其没有宗教的宗教观。鲍德温在解构和批判伪善、狭隘的现实上帝的同时,极力塑造公正、博爱的民间上帝,从而实现对宗教的回归。他对上帝爱恨交加的矛盾情感,是由其社会历史背景、个人心理发展,以及20世纪美国黑人文学走出自然主义抗议文学窠臼、走向以黑人文化为基础的新型现代黑人文学的发展趋势所决定的。
The religious sentiment of African American writer James Baldwin has gone through the process of conversion from faith to betrayal to return. His religious conception is similar to that of Derrida’s “religion without religion.” From the perspective of deconstruction, it analyzes Baldwin’s dispelling of the centralism of God with the religious works represented by “Calling Heaven” and “Amen Corner”, and interpreting its religious view without religion. Baldwin deconstructed and criticized the hypocritical, narrow-minded reality of God at the same time, trying hard to create a fair and fraternal folk God, so as to achieve the return of religion. His ambivalence toward God’s love and hate is determined by the development of his social and historical background and individual psychology as well as the trend of the development of new-style modern black literature based on black culture that black American literature of the 20th century stepped out of the stereotype of naturalistic protest literature of.