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从生态学意义上而言,人与自然之间共同处于一个生态系统之中,人是自觉的主体,自然则是被人所认识的“他者”。作为自觉主体的人如何认识自身与“他者”之间的关系,直接关系到人的生态实践。从认识论的角度出发,人在认识自身与自然之间关系的历程中,以资本主义生产方式为分水岭,经历了“神话思维”和“工具理性”两个不同的阶段,前者通过神话、哲学、文学、艺术等方式实现了人与“他者”的长久和谐;后者则以现代化之名,以资源开发为出发点,将自然工具化,从而导致了人与“他者”的决裂和对抗。在生态问题日益严峻的今天,“神话思维”认识论下亲自然的生态文化对我们具有重要的启发意义。
From the ecological point of view, between man and nature in a common ecosystem, people are conscious of the subject, the nature is the “others ”. As a conscious subject, how to recognize the relationship between himself and “other ” is directly related to human ecological practice. From the epistemological point of view, in the process of recognizing the relationship between ourselves and nature, people have gone through two different stages of “mythological thinking” and “instrumental rationality” with the capitalist mode of production as a watershed. The former passed Myth, philosophy, literature, art and other means to achieve long-term harmony between man and the “other”; the latter in the name of modernization, the development of resources as the starting point, the nature of the tool, which led to the “ Who ”break and confrontation. Nowadays, with the increasingly serious ecological problems, the natural ecological culture of “mythical thinking” epistemology is of great significance to us.