河南为清代有漕八省之一。河南漕粮需依靠其境内的卫河运输,由于缺乏密集的水道网,州县需要经陆路将漕粮运往卫河沿岸,运费高昂。经过反复的政策调整,在征收环节,中央政府最终选择了“代办”这一方式。在运输环节中,卫河既是运道,也是该流域的主要农业用水来源。在卫河水源用于济运和灌田的分配问题上,国家和地方产生冲突。由于卫河水流量不大,漕帮希望兑运地点尽可能偏下游,减少运输难度,而州县更希望在距其较近的上游,漕帮与州县也产生了矛盾。经过系列政策调整,嘉道年间关于上述矛盾的处理方案趋于稳定。中央政府在处理双方矛盾时,尽量选择双方利益的折中点,其政策制订具有一定的灵活性。 Henan is one of the eight provinces with a reservoir in the Qing Dynasty. Henan Grain and Grain to rely on its territory Wei River transport, due to the lack of intensive network of waterways, state need to be transported by land over the river grain Wei River, high shipping costs. After repeated policy adjustments, the Central Government eventually chose the “agent” approach during the collection phase. In the transport sector, the Wei River is both a shipping route and a major source of agricultural water for the basin. In the distribution of Wei River water for economic and irrigation fields, there are conflicts between countries and places. Due to the low flow of Wei River, it is hoped that the canal can be transported downstream as far as possible to reduce the difficulty of transportation. However, the prefectures and prefectures also prefer to have a conflict upstream and downstream. After a series of policy adjustments, the handling of these contradictions in Jiadao years stabilized. When dealing with the contradictions between the two sides, the Central Government tries its best to choose the compromise point of interest between the two sides and its policy formulation has some flexibility.