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运用1985年、2000年和2010年遥感资料与SEBAL模型估算了塔里木河干流区蒸散发。结果表明:该区蒸散发量较大,介于0～5.11mm/d之间;靠近河道区蒸散发明显大于远离河道区;各土地利用/覆被类型蒸散发大小依次为:水体>耕地>林地>草地>未利用地>居工地,主要与其植被覆盖度和水分供给条件有关;而日总蒸散发大小顺序为:草地>未利用地>耕地>林地>水体>居工地,这与各土地利用/覆被类型面积密切相关。在1985-2010年间,塔里木河干流区日总蒸散发量先减小后增大;上游平均日总蒸散发量为中游和下游的1.27倍和1.42倍。2000年塔里木河干流区日总蒸散发比1985年减少了6.80×104m3,原因是中游和下游日总蒸散发减小,而上游日总蒸散发量却增加了3.02×105m3。2010年干流区日总蒸散发比2000年高6.78×105m3,其中上游和中游日总蒸散发量增加了1.19×106m3,而下游却降低了5.16×105m3,主要受中上游地区绿洲耕地面积扩张,水资源开发量过大,下游来水量减少的影响。
The 1985, 2000 and 2010 remote sensing data and SEBAL model were used to estimate the evapotranspiration in the mainstream of the Tarim River. The results showed that the amount of evapotranspiration in this area was relatively large, ranging from 0 to 5.11 mm / d. The evapotranspiration of the area near the river was significantly greater than that of the area far away from the river. The evapotranspiration of land use / Woodland> grassland> unutilized land> habitat, mainly related to its vegetation coverage and water supply conditions; while the order of total evapotranspiration was: grassland> unused land> arable land> woodland> water body> Use / cover type area is closely related. From 1985 to 2010, the daily total evapotranspiration in the mainstream of the Tarim River decreased first and then increased; the average upstream evapotranspiration in the upper reaches was 1.27 and 1.42 times of the middle and lower reaches respectively. In 2000, the total evapotranspiration in the mainstream of the Tarim River decreased by 6.80 × 104 m3 compared with that in 1985 due to the decrease of total evapotranspiration in the middle and lower reaches and the increase of 3.02 × 105 m3 in the upstream day. Total evapotranspiration was 6.78 × 105m3 higher than in 2000, of which total daily evapotranspiration at the upstream and middle reaches increased by 1.19 × 106m3, while that at the downstream decreased by 5.16 × 105m3, mainly due to the expansion of arable land in the oases in the middle and upper reaches, and the excessive development of water resources Large, downstream to reduce the impact of water.