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在经济学和唯物史观的不同视域中,效率具有不同的含义。在唯物史观看来,效率即是生产力的发展,而生产力的发展又呈现出物的生产和人的生产两个维度。效率以人的发展为根本目标,以物的增殖为首要价值,是两者的辩证统一。物的增殖只是工具价值,而人的发展则是终极价值。效率和人的发展具有直接的同一性,这种同一是有差别的同一,是具体的、历史的同一。同一性要求在任何时候都要重视效率,重视效率的第一性,因为重视效率就是重视人的发展。差异性则要求正确处理经济效率与人的发展的关系,坚持人的发展至高无上的地位。同时,在实践的基础上把握生产力发展、人的发展和科学技术的辩证统一关系,是实现科学发展的重要前提。
In the different perspectives of economics and historical materialism, efficiency has different meanings. In the view of historical materialism, efficiency is the development of productive forces, and the development of productive forces presents two dimensions of material production and human production. Efficiency takes the development of human beings as its fundamental goal and the proliferation of things as the primary value, which is the dialectical unity of the two. The proliferation of things is only the value of tools, and human development is the ultimate value. There is a direct identity between efficiency and human development. The same is a difference of the same, is the specific, the same history. Identity requirements at all times pay attention to efficiency, emphasis on the efficiency of the first, because the emphasis on efficiency is to focus on human development. The difference calls for the correct handling of the relationship between economic efficiency and human development and insists on the supremacy of human development. At the same time, grasping the dialectical unity of the development of productive forces, human development and science and technology on the basis of practice is an important prerequisite for achieving scientific development.