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本文拟在对现有的时间记忆理论进行综合的基础上,着眼于对历史事件的时间记忆,对时间标记理论进行扩展。在人们经历某个事件时,该事件发生的时间同时以某种标记的方式附着在该事件上,成为今后对该事件发生的时间或者先后顺序进行检索的依据。这种时间标记的获得方式可以是直接的,也可以是间接的。在这种时间标记上,还存在着清晰度和强度两个指标。清晰度指标是指时间标记的精确性,而强度指标是指人们清楚地把握住某一时间标记的程度。在时间记忆中,除了具有能够标明具体的清晰的时间标记以外,还存在着时间段相同但顺序不相同的标记。此时时间标记的清晰度有所模糊,人们还是能够在一定程度上区分这些事件的先后顺序的。这种顺序标记还存在着完全顺序标记和部分顺序标记之分。完全顺序标记是指人们对于一串事件中的任意两个事件,都能够清楚地区分其先后顺序。部分顺序标记是指人们对于一串事件中任意两个事件,不一定能够清楚地区分其先后顺序,但是却能够清楚地说出某一个前后的事件各是什么。从理论上看,用扩展的时间标记理论可对现有时间记忆理论重新理解,作出整体的解释;从实践上看,可探讨扩展的时间标记理论同历史知识学习之间的联系。
Based on the synthesis of the existing time-memory theory, this paper aims to expand the time-stamping theory by focusing on the temporal memory of historical events. When an individual experiences an event, the event occurs at the same time in a certain way attached to the mark, which becomes the basis for retrieving the time or sequence of the event in the future. This time stamp can be obtained either directly or indirectly. In this time stamp, there are still two indicators of clarity and strength. Clarity index refers to the accuracy of the time stamp, while the intensity index refers to people clearly grasp the degree of a time stamp. In time memory, in addition to being able to indicate a specific clear time stamp, there are still the same time stamp but the order is different. At this point the clarity of the time mark is blurred, people still able to distinguish to some extent, the order of these events. There is also a complete order mark and a partial mark mark for this order mark. Complete sequence marking means that people can clearly distinguish the sequence of any two events in a series of events. Partial order mark refers to the people for a series of events in any two events may not be able to clearly distinguish the order, but it can clearly say what is a before and after events. Theoretically, the extended time-stamping theory can be used to re-understand the existing time-memory theory and make an overall explanation. In practice, we can explore the connection between the extended time-stamping theory and historical knowledge learning.