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【目的】研究血清胆红素与代谢综合征（MS）的相关性。【方法】对参与辽宁省沈阳市城区动脉硬化及其相关疾病调查的居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查，依据国际糖尿病联盟诊断标准将其分为MS组及非代谢综合征（NMS）组。分析受试者血清总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）及间接胆红素（IBIL）与MS的相关性。【结果】共纳入2125名35～64周岁居民，MS的总发生率为36．1％，女性高于男性（43．5％vs18．4％，P＜0．01）。MS组DBIL浓度低于NMS组[（2．07±0．86）μmol／Lvs（2．29±0．96）μmol／L，P＜0．01]。随着MS组成因素增多，胆红素水平呈下降趋势。男性MS者TBIL及DBIL水平高于女性（P＜0．05）。Logistic回归分析显示DBIL水平低者更易患MS。【结论】血清胆红素水平与MS相关，DBIL与MS相关性更大，随着血清DBIL水平的降低，发生MS的可能性增加。“,”Objective] To explore the correlation between serum bilirubin and metabolic syndrome (MS) .[Methods] A total of 2 ,125 participants in our survey of atherosclerosis and related diseases were recruited to complete questionnaire ,physical examinations and laboratory tests .They were divided into metabolic syndrome (MS) and non‐metabolic syndrome (NMS) groups according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diag‐nostic criteria for MS .And the correlations were analyzed for MS and serum total bilirubin ,direct bilirubin and in‐direct bilirubin .[Results] Their age range was 35~64 years .With an overall incidence rate of MS of 36 .1% ,it was higher in females than males (43 .5% vs 18 .4% ,P <0 .01) .Direct bilirubin was higher in MS group than that in NMS group [(2 .07 ± 0 .86) vs (2 .29 ± 0 .96)μmol/L ,P <0 .01] .With a rising number of MS composi‐tion factors ,bilirubin levels decreased .Among MS individuals ,serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were higher in males than those in females ( P<0 .05) .Logistic regression analysis showed that a low direct bili‐rubin level was more susceptible to MS .[Conclusion]Serum bilirubin may be associated with MS and direct biliru‐bin has greater correlations with MS .Individuals with lower serum direct bilirubin levels are more susceptible to MS .