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文明是指人类社会所创造的一切成果以及在此基础上所确立的有组织的社会生活状态,这种社会生活状态主要是指社会秩序和生活方式,具体而言,它包含了某种政治秩序和若干具有相同特征及来源的社会,并由此形成了占据一定地理空间的、人类社会的历史单位。①欧洲文明就是这样一种历史单位,并先后经历了古典文明、基督教文明和现代性文明等诸文明形态变迁阶段。从社会性质上看,
Civilization refers to all the achievements created by human society and the organized state of social life established on this basis. This state of social life mainly refers to social order and way of life. Specifically, it contains some kind of political order And a number of societies with the same characteristics and sources, thus forming the historical unit of human society occupying a certain geographical space. (1) European civilization is such a historical unit and has undergone various stages of the transformation of civilizations such as classical civilization, Christian civilization and modern civilization. From a social point of view,