在核工业的发展中,设计、建造临界装置,并利用临界装置开展各种物理实验是必不可少的。目前国内专门针对临界装置的相关法规较少,大部分对临界装置的法规要求都涵盖在研究堆的相关法规中,很不明确,可操作性差。临界装置有着鲜明的自身特点,与研究堆有显著区别。临界装置运行功率很低,一般从几瓦到几十瓦,而研究堆功率大多都在MW量级以上;临界装置屏蔽简单, In the development of the nuclear industry, it is essential to design and construct the critical devices and use the critical devices to conduct various physical experiments. At present, there are few relevant laws and regulations specifically for critical devices in China. Most of the regulatory requirements for critical devices are covered by the relevant laws and regulations of the research reactor, which are not clear and have poor operability. The critical device has its own distinctive features, which are significantly different from the research reactor. Critical device operating power is very low, usually from a few watts to tens of watts, and most of the research reactor power in the MW magnitude above; the critical device shielding is simple,