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环境内分泌干扰物(environmental endocrine disrupters,EEDs)是环境中存在的一大类外源性化合物,可干扰机体神经内分泌系统,影响体内天然激素的合成、释放及与受体结合、代谢等过程,进而导致机体及其子代异常发育。神经内分泌调控网络(尤其是下丘脑调控网络)在机体性分化、性发育中发挥关键作用。神经内分泌系统稳态的失衡可致一系列的异常发育,尤其是处于性发育关键时期的胚胎期与青春期。越来越多的研究表明,大脑是EEDs直接作用位点,神经内分泌调控网络中受EEDs显著干扰的主要有促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)神经元、神经胶质细胞、吻肽/G蛋白偶联受体54(kisspeptin/GPR54)系统及脑内芳香化酶等。此外,EEDs还具有传代效应。笔者就近年来EEDs对性分化和性发育的神经内分泌调控网络影响的研究作一综述。
Environmental endocrine disrupters (EEDs) are a large group of exogenous compounds that exist in the environment, which can interfere with the neuroendocrine system of the body and affect the process of synthesis, release and binding of the natural hormones to the body. Lead to abnormal development of the body and its children. Neuroendocrine regulatory networks (especially the hypothalamic regulatory network) play a key role in the development of sexual differentiation and sexual development. The steady-state imbalance of the neuroendocrine system can cause a series of abnormalities, especially in the embryonic and adolescent stages of critical sexual development. More and more researches have shown that the brain is a direct site of EEDs. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, glial cells and kisses are the main neurons in the neuroendocrine regulatory network that are significantly disturbed by EEDs Peptide / G protein coupled receptor 54 (kisspeptin / GPR54) system and brain aromatase. In addition, EEDs also have a passaging effect. In this paper, we review the recent studies on the influence of EEDs on the neuroendocrine regulatory networks of sexual differentiation and sexual development.