管辖豁免中的商业例外是国家豁免立法中的重要问题。美国国家豁免法关于管辖豁免中商业例外的文本设计,对商业行为的认定、对“基于”及直接影响等关键要素的界定存在重大缺陷。尽管美国通过判例对上述缺陷进行了弥补,美国律师协会仍旧提出了大量的修改意见,美国学者也针对最新司法实践进行了评述。深入了解上述内容对构建我国的相关制度意义重大。 Commercial exceptions to jurisdictional exemptions are important issues in the legislation of State immunity. The design of the text of the U.S. State Immunity Act on Commercial Exceptions in Jurisdictional Immunities, the identification of commercial activities, and the definition of key elements such as “based on ” and direct impact have major shortcomings. Although the United States made up for these shortcomings through the precedents, the American Bar Association still made a number of amendments, and the American scholars also commented on the latest judicial practice. It is of great significance to have a deep understanding of the above contents in building the relevant system in our country.