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试验研究了不同施氮量和基追肥比例对烟株氮素吸收累积、土壤硝态氮、品质及产量的影响。结果表明,不同处理对烤烟生长前期干物质积累量、烟株氮素含量和氮素累积量无明显影响,减少氮肥用量与基肥用量降低了成熟期叶片氮素含量和氮素累积量,减少氮肥用量显著降低了生长前期和后期的土壤硝态氮含量。随施氮量的增加,烤后烟叶还原糖含量、糖碱比表现为下降趋势,而总植物碱、总氮含量表现为增加趋势。相同施氮量基追肥比例为30:70处理的还原糖含量、糖碱比较大,总植物碱含量、总氮含量较小,香气质、余味得分较高。施纯氮90 kg/hm2,基追肥比例为50:50和30:70的处理经济效益明显增加。本试验条件下,兼顾烟叶产量与品质的最佳氮肥运筹模式为施纯氮90 kg/hm2,基追肥比例为30:70。
The effects of nitrogen application rate and basal top dressing ratio on nitrogen absorption and accumulation, soil nitrate nitrogen, quality and yield were studied. The results showed that different treatments had no significant effect on the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation of flue-cured tobacco at early growth stage. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer and basal fertilizer application reduced nitrogen and nitrogen accumulation in mature leaves and nitrogen fertilizer The amount of soil nitrate nitrogen significantly reduced the soil nitrate nitrogen content in the early and late growth stages. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the reducing sugar content of roasted tobacco showed a downward trend while the total plant alkaloid and total nitrogen content showed an increasing trend. The same amount of nitrogen fertilizer top dressing ratio of 30:70 treatment of reducing sugar content, sugar and alkali is relatively large, total plant alkali content, total nitrogen content is small, fragrance quality, aftertaste score higher. Applied nitrogen 90 kg / hm2, basal top dressing ratio of 50:50 and 30:70 significantly increased the economic benefits. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal nitrogen fertilizer operation mode that takes into account both the yield and quality of tobacco leaves is 90 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen and 30:70 of basal top dressing.