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利用C分带、基因组原位杂交并结合分子生物学手段,对12份巨穗小麦种质材料中的外源遗传物质进行了检测。结果表明,12份材料染色体数均为42,其中5份材料均具有一对小麦-黑麦(Triticum aestivum-Secalecereal)1BL/1RS易位染色体和一对中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium Garten)染色体、3份材料只具有一对中间偃麦草染色体、3份材料只具一对1BL/1RS染色体、1份材料无1BL/1RS和中间偃麦草染色体。进一步细胞学分析表明,此中间偃麦草染色体代换了普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)中的2D染色体,因其良好的同源补偿性,表示为2Ai。同时对2Ai在巨穗小麦种质中存在的遗传学意义及小麦遗传改良中的应用进行了讨论。
By using C banding, genomic in situ hybridization and molecular biological methods, the exogenous genetic material in 12 giant ear wheat germplasm materials were detected. The results showed that all the 12 materials had chromosome numbers of 42, of which 5 had one pair of 1BL / 1RS translocation chromosomes of Triticum aestivum-Secalecereal and one pair of Agropyron intermedium Garten chromosomes, 3 The material had only one pair of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes, only one pair of 1BL / 1RS chromosomes for three materials, and 1BL / 1RS and one of the intermediates for one material. Further cytological analysis revealed that this Chromosome was substituted for the 2D chromosome in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which is designated 2Ai due to its good homologous recombination. At the same time, the genetic significance of 2Ai existing in the germplasm of Giant Spike and the application of wheat genetic improvement were discussed.