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同位语概述
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning， instruction，reason，information， question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有连接代词what， which， who， 以及连接副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。
I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
1. 由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
2. 由连接代词引导的同位语从句。
The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
3. 由连接副词引导的同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home， perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4. 当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
（1） 同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
析：因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that
C. when D. as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是information的内容，且information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise， brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。
（2） 引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。
例1：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information has been put forward. A. what B. that
C. when D. as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：I cant stand the terrible noise she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
（3） 引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是连接副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied. 中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。（定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系）
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。（同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系）
（4） 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea， belief， conclusion， impression， fact， news， idea， thought， hope， order， suggestion， belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday. 他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together. 我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）
（5） 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should 动词原形表示。should可省。
如：This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
小试牛刀
A. 用适当的连接词填空
1. It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.
2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.
3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4. It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.
5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow？
6. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that you had a few days off？
7. Word came I was wanted at the office.
8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster？
9. The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.
10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
B. 单项填空
1. The fact she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what
C. why D. which
2. The fact he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what
C. which D. why
3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that
C. why D. when
4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that
C. / D. it
5. I have no idea he will start.
A. when B. that
C. what D. /
6. Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that
C. whether D. which
7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which
C. what D. that
8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether
C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as
C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where
C. that D. when
参考答案
A.1. that 2. what 3. What， whether 4. that 5. Who
6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where
10. whatever
B.1—5 AABBA 6—10 BDCAA
（作者：毛春霞，泰州市第三高级中学）
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning， instruction，reason，information， question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有连接代词what， which， who， 以及连接副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。
I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
1. 由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
2. 由连接代词引导的同位语从句。
The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
3. 由连接副词引导的同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home， perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4. 当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
（1） 同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
析：因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that
C. when D. as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是information的内容，且information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise， brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。
（2） 引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。
例1：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information has been put forward. A. what B. that
C. when D. as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：I cant stand the terrible noise she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
（3） 引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是连接副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied. 中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。（定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系）
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。（同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系）
（4） 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea， belief， conclusion， impression， fact， news， idea， thought， hope， order， suggestion， belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday. 他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together. 我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）
（5） 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should 动词原形表示。should可省。
如：This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
小试牛刀
A. 用适当的连接词填空
1. It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.
2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.
3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4. It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.
5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow？
6. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that you had a few days off？
7. Word came I was wanted at the office.
8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster？
9. The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.
10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
B. 单项填空
1. The fact she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what
C. why D. which
2. The fact he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what
C. which D. why
3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that
C. why D. when
4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that
C. / D. it
5. I have no idea he will start.
A. when B. that
C. what D. /
6. Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that
C. whether D. which
7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which
C. what D. that
8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether
C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as
C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where
C. that D. when
参考答案
A.1. that 2. what 3. What， whether 4. that 5. Who
6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where
10. whatever
B.1—5 AABBA 6—10 BDCAA
（作者：毛春霞，泰州市第三高级中学）