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目的研究妊娠期非职业性低水平重金属暴露与新生儿生长发育关系。方法选择2012年3月至2013年5月在江苏中部某电镀工业区3家医院分娩的209例孕妇及其208例新生儿作为研究对象,对基本情况进行问卷调查,并测定孕妇尿、静脉全血和新生儿脐带血中的镉、铅、硒含量及新生儿体重、身长。结果孕妇尿、静脉全血和新生儿脐带血中镉、铅、硒含量中位数分别为0.10、0.66、5.07μg/g Cr,0.48、40.51、131.48μg/L,0.15、32.30、126.33μg/L。尿镉均低于GB/T17221—1998《环境镉污染所致健康危害区标准》限值(15μg/g Cr)。经Wilcoxon配对秩和检验,孕妇血镉、铅、硒的含量均高于新生儿脐带血(P<0.01);各有8例孕妇血和脐带血铅高于100μg/L,分别占3.83%和3.85%;孕妇血与新生儿脐带血镉、铅、硒含量均呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05)。经多重逐步回归分析,新生儿出生体重与孕妇血镉的自然对数值呈负相关(P<0.05),而与脐带血硒的自然对数值呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论本次调查中孕妇和新生儿的血镉、血铅暴露水平较低。孕妇血与新生儿脐带血中镉、铅、硒含量存在相关性,孕妇镉暴露可能影响新生儿出生体重,硒的摄入可能有利于新生儿的生长发育。
Objective To study the relationship between non-occupational low-level exposure to heavy metals and neonatal growth during pregnancy. METHODS: From March 2012 to May 2013, 209 pregnant women and 208 newborns delivered in 3 hospitals in an electroplating industrial area in central Jiangsu Province were selected as research subjects. The basic situation was investigated by questionnaire and urine, Blood and neonatal cord blood of cadmium, lead, selenium content and neonatal body weight, length. Results The median of cadmium, lead and selenium in pregnant women urine, venous whole blood and neonatal umbilical cord blood were 0.10,0.66,5.07μg / g Cr, 0.48,40.51,131.48μg / L, 0.15,32.30,126.33μg / L. Urinary cadmium were lower than the limit (15μg / g Cr) of GB / T17221-1998 “Health Hazard Zone Caused by Environmental Cadmium Contamination”. The Wilcoxon paired rank sum test showed that the levels of blood cadmium, lead and selenium in pregnant women were all higher than that of neonatal cord blood (P <0.01). The blood lead and umbilical cord blood lead of 8 pregnant women were higher than 100μg / L, accounting for 3.83% 3.85% respectively. There was a positive correlation between pregnant women’s blood and neonatal cord blood cadmium, lead and selenium (P <0.01, P <0.05). After multiple stepwise regression analysis, the birth weight of newborns was negatively correlated with the natural logarithm of serum cadmium in pregnant women (P <0.05), but positively correlated with the natural logarithm of cord blood selenium (P <0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum cadmium and blood lead in pregnant women and newborns in this survey are low. Maternal blood and neonatal cord blood of cadmium, lead and selenium content is related to cadmium exposure may affect the birth weight of newborns, selenium intake may be conducive to the growth and development of newborns.