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发光是稀土元素的一个主要功能,稀土是发光材料的宝库。稀土元素独特的4f电子结构使其拥有众多的能级,发光波长涵盖从真空紫外到红外,但是目前只有为数很少的跃迁被用于发光材料,大多数跃迁未被利用。稀土离子的发光4f电子在不同能级之间的跃迁(f-f跃迁和f-d跃迁),以及4f电子与配体之间发生的电荷迁移,或与基质、缺陷和陷阱之间发生的能量交换,使稀土的发光和光吸收别具一格,在发光与激光等光学材料中获得了多方面的应用。稀土元素自身的半径、光学电负性的规律也使得它们在发光材料中起到独有的作用。
Luminescence is a major function of rare earth elements, rare earth is a treasure house of luminescent materials. The unique 4f electronic structure of rare earth elements has many energy levels and the emission wavelength ranges from vacuum ultraviolet to infrared. However, only a few transitions have been used for luminescent materials at present, and most transitions have not been utilized. The transitions (ff transitions and fd transitions) of the luminescence 4f electrons of the rare earth ions between different energy levels and the charge transfer occurring between the 4f electrons and the ligands or the exchange of energy with the matrix, defects and traps Rare earth light and light absorption unique, in the light and laser and other optical materials obtained a wide range of applications. Rare earth elements of their own radius, the law of the optical negative charge also makes them play a unique role in the luminescent materials.