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以芝麻栽培种(Sesamum indicum,2n=26)、野生种(S.radiatum,2n=64;S.schinzianum,2n=64)及其远源杂交后代(S.schinzianum×S.indicum)为材料,研究了不同基因型、外植体类型、激素种类及其浓度对芝麻愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响,建立了芝麻愈伤组织诱导及高频植株再生的技术体系。结果表明,6-BA/NAA激素组合有利于绿色紧密型愈伤组织的形成及分化;最佳愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基为MS+0.1 mg.L–1NAA+2.0 mg.L–16-BA+30 g.L–1蔗糖。在该培养条件下,野生种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为97.50%,分化率为94.02%;栽培种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为40.60%,分化率为8.16%;远缘杂交后代幼胚外植体愈伤组织的诱导率最高为46.67%,分化率为89.29%。该研究结果为芝麻转基因技术体系的建立及新种质创制奠定了基础。
Sesamum indicum (2n = 26), wild type (S.radiatum, 2n = 64; S. schinzianum, 2n = 64) and their distant hybrids (S.chinzianum × S.indicum) The effects of different genotypes, types of explants, hormone types and their concentrations on callus induction and plant regeneration of sesame seeds were studied. A technical system for callus induction and high frequency plant regeneration was established. The results showed that the 6-BA / NAA hormone combination was beneficial to the formation and differentiation of green compact callus. The best callus induction and differentiation medium was MS + 0.1 mg.L-1NAA + 2.0 mg.L-16- BA + 30 gL-1 sucrose. Under the culture conditions, the highest induction rate of wild hypocotyl callus was 97.50% and the differentiation rate was 94.02%. The highest induction rate of hypocotyl callus was 40.60% and the differentiation rate was 8.16%. The induction rate of calli of distant embryos was 46.67% and the differentiation rate was 89.29%. The results of this study laid the foundation for the establishment of sesame transgenic technology system and creation of new germplasm.