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再铸层和溅射物是激光打孔固有的两个缺陷,这些缺陷限制了激光打孔技术在航空工业中的应用。为解决这一问题,创新提出了喷射液束电解辅助激光打孔方法用以改善激光打孔质量。该加工方法是在激光加工中同轴施加喷射电液束,喷射电液束在加工中对工件的电化学溶解作用、有效的冷却作用以及冲刷金属熔滴作用都有助于去除再铸层和溅射物。针对这一新型加工方法,建立了二维数学模型模拟加工孔的截面轮廓并通过模拟结果与试验结果的比较得到验证。利用倍频后的脉冲Nd:YAG激光对0.5mm厚的321不锈钢片进行了喷射液束电解辅助激光打孔试验研究,并通过光学显微镜观测了加工试验结果。通过对喷射液束电解辅助激光打孔结果与空气中激光打孔的对比,证实了该新型加工方法有效去除了再铸层和溅射物,其加工效率约为空气中激光打孔的70%。
Recast layers and spatters are two inherent defects of laser drilling, which limit the application of laser drilling technology in aviation industry. In order to solve this problem, a new method of jet laser assisted laser drilling is proposed to improve laser drilling quality. The processing method is that the jetting electro-hydraulic beam is coaxially applied during laser processing, the electrochemical dissolution action of the jetting electro-hydraulic beam on the workpiece during processing, the effective cooling effect and the action of scouring metal droplets help to remove the recast layer and Sputtering. Aiming at the new processing method, a two-dimensional mathematical model was established to simulate the cross-sectional profile of the machined hole and verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results. A pulsed Nd: YAG laser with double frequency was used to test the 0.5mm thick 321 stainless steel sheet by jet beam electrolysis assisted laser drilling, and the processing test results were observed by optical microscope. By comparing the result of jet laser assisted laser drilling with the laser drilling in air, it is proved that the new processing method can effectively remove the recast layer and the sputtered material, and the processing efficiency is about 70% .