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生物医用纳米颗粒的表面设计对维持纳米颗粒稳定性和抑制蛋白质非特异性吸附从而实现体内长效循环等具有重要意义。具有细胞膜仿生结构的两性离子界面能通过离子静电作用形成高效水合层,不仅可有效增强纳米颗粒的稳定性和抗免疫清除能力,通过提高体内循环时间增强其“被动”靶向能力,而且当与环境响应性或生物活性分子复合后,还可有效实现纳米颗粒的“主动”靶向功能,因此“两性离子化”已经发展为纳米颗粒表面设计的新策略。本文主要概述了两性离子材料在生物医用纳米表面设计中的应用进展,包括小分子和聚合物两性离子对无机纳米颗粒的表面修饰、聚合物两性离子组装体用于抗肿瘤药物传递等,同时也介绍了混合电荷材料的一些特殊性质和应用。
The surface design of bio-medical nanoparticles is of great importance to maintain the stability of nano-particles and inhibit the non-specific adsorption of proteins in order to achieve long-term circulation in the body. The zwitterionic interface with the biomimetic structure of the cell membrane can form an efficient hydration layer by ion electrostatic interaction, which not only can effectively enhance the stability and anti-immune ability of the nano-particles, but enhance the “passive” targeting ability by increasing the circulation time in the body, When complexed with environmentally-responsive or bioactive molecules, the “active” targeting of nanoparticles is also effectively achieved, and “zwitterionization” has been developed as a new strategy for nanoparticle surface design. This review summarizes the applications of zwitterionic materials in biomedical nano-surface design, including the surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles by small molecules and polymer zwitterions, the delivery of antineoplastic agents by the zwitterionic polymer assembly, and so on Some special properties and applications of mixed charge materials are introduced.