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电弧对熔池的热与力作用直接影响到熔化极气体保护焊(Gas Metal Arc Welding,GMAW)熔敷成形的精度与质量。通过数值模拟方法研究电弧对熔池热与力的作用规律,有助于提高熔敷成形精度与质量。结合流体动力学理论与多物理场耦合分析有限元技术,建立了GMAW焊接电弧的3维数值分析模型,计算分析了熔滴过渡过程对熔池表面处热流密度与电弧力的影响情况。结果表明:电弧中的熔滴降低了熔池表面上的最大热流密度与电弧力;当电弧中没有熔滴及熔滴距离焊丝端部较近时,熔池表面处的热流密度及电弧力基本呈高斯分布;而当熔滴与焊丝端部距离进一步增大时,热流密度及电弧力均不再呈高斯分布,最大热流密度及电弧力都没有发生在电弧轴线位置。
The heat and force of the arc on the weld pool directly affect the accuracy and quality of the welding of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). By numerical simulation method to study the arc of molten pool heat and force of the law, help to improve the accuracy and quality of welding. The 3D numerical analysis model of GMAW welding arc was established by combining the fluid dynamics theory with the multi-physics coupled finite element analysis technique. The influence of the droplet transfer process on the heat flux and arc force at the weld pool surface was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the droplet in the arc reduces the maximum heat flux and arc force on the surface of the weld pool. When there are no droplet and the droplet in the arc is close to the end of the wire, the heat flux density and arc force When the distance between the droplet and the end of the wire increases further, the heat flux and arc force are no longer Gaussian distribution, and the maximum heat flux and arc force do not occur at the arc axis.