Background Airway remodeling is the specific pathological characteristics of asthma, which is related to the clinical symptoms, pulmonary function, and airway hyperreactivity. This study aimed at exploring the effects of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) on the serum interleukin (IL)-13 and pulmonary functions in asthmatic children.Methods Fifty-eight pediatric asthma patients allergic to dust mite participated in this study. Thirty-five children received SIT with a standardized dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract for one year (SIT group), and the other 23 children treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS group) according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) for one year. Serum levels of IL-13, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-y were examined and the pulmonary functions were checked before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment, the number of emergency visiting for asthma attack in SIT group was significantly less than that in ICS group. The serum levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were clearly reduced, IFN-γ and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly increased, the pulmonary functions (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second percentage (FEV1%) and peak expiratory flow percentage (PEF%) were significantly improved in the SIT group.Meanwhile, IFN-y and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 were greatly increased, but serum levels of IL-4 and IL-13 had less changes,the pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1% and PEF%) were poorly improved in ICS group. The basic pulmonary functions in both groups were at the same level, which had made more improvement in SIT group than in ICS group one year later.Conclusions One year of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus SIT can significantly reduce the frequencies of emergency visiting for asthma attack and improve the pulmonary functions of children with allergic asthma, and that is attributed to SIT, which can reduce the levels of IL-4 and IL-13 and regulate the imbalance of the Thl/Th2 cells in asthmatic children.All of these might be effective in preventing the asthmatic airway from remodeling.