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笔者搜集了大量中高年级美国汉语学习者作文中出现的偏误,并把其中常见的偏误分成了五类,即:误加、遗漏、错位、误代以及混合,分别予以举例说明。笔者认为产生这些语言偏误的原因有四:母语负迁移的影响、学习方式的影响、交际策略的影响以及工具书的误导。偏误是这些因素共同作用的必然结果。最后笔者针对造成这些偏误的原因提出了自己的教学设想,认为加强词汇教学,培养学生的汉语语感,完善对外汉语教材,提高教师授课水平是减少学生常见语言偏误的关键。
The author has collected a large number of mistakes made by middle-aged and high-grade American learners in the composition of writing and divided the common mistakes into five categories, namely, mistaken addition, omission, misplaced, misplaced and mixed. The author believes there are four reasons for these language errors: the negative influence of negative transfer of mother tongue, the influence of learning methods, the influence of communicative strategies and misleading reference books. Errors are the inevitable result of the combination of these factors. Finally, I put forward my own teaching hypothesis on the causes of these errors. I believe that strengthening vocabulary teaching, cultivating students’ sense of Chinese language, perfecting teaching materials of Chinese as a foreign language and improving teachers’ teaching level are the keys to reduce students’ common language errors.