背景:环境中某些因素会明显影响儿童哮喘的发生以及转归。铅是显著影响儿童生长发育的主要环境因素之一。目的:探讨儿童不同程度铅暴露水平与哮喘发病风险之间的关系。方法:使用成组的病例对照研究方法,主要采用问卷调查方式对调查数据进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析。结果:哮喘儿童血铅水平明显高于正常健康儿童,而不同哮喘发作程度儿童的血铅水平无显著差异。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,有9个因素与儿童哮喘有关联;多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示5个因素被纳入方程,分别为儿童过敏史和特异性体质(OR为15.76)、家族哮喘病史(OR为11.59)、家族同居人员吸烟(OR为4.02)、儿童血铅水平(OR为3.17)和父母铅职业暴露(OR为1.98)。结论:哮喘儿童与健康儿童血铅水平存在差异,且铅暴露可能增加儿童哮喘的发病风险。 Background: Some factors in the environment can significantly affect the occurrence and outcome of childhood asthma. Lead is one of the major environmental factors that significantly affect children’s growth and development. Objective: To investigate the relationship between different levels of lead exposure in children and the risk of asthma. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in groups. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the data by single-factor and multi-factor conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: The levels of blood lead in children with asthma were significantly higher than those in normal children. There was no significant difference in blood lead levels among children with different levels of asthma. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 9 factors associated with childhood asthma. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that 5 factors were included in the equation, which were children with allergy and specific constitution (OR: 15.76), family history of asthma (OR 11.59), family cohorts smoking (OR 4.02), blood lead levels (OR 3.17), and parent lead exposure (OR 1.98). Conclusion: There are differences in blood lead levels between asthmatic and healthy children, and lead exposure may increase the risk of asthma in children.