Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers.This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports(ECE) in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly aims at investigating the trends in cotton exports over the studied period,analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices,and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt’s cotton exports to the world.The results revealed that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE,into India,Italy,the Republic of Korea,and Japan.Together,these markets imported about 50%of ECE during 1990-2006.The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price.Japan,the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE.Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons.Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE. Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands, contributing significantly to agriculture, industry, export earnings, and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers. This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports (ECE) in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly investigates the trends in cotton exports over the studied period, analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices, and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt’s cotton exports to the world.The results that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE, into India, Italy, the Republic of Korea , and Japan.Together, these markets imported about 50% of ECE during 1990-2006. The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price. Japan, the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE. Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons. Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE.