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目的 了解温州市小学生伤害发生情况及影响因素,为预防儿童伤害提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取2013—2015年温州市6所小学,每所小学的每个年级抽取3个班级,每个班级抽取28名小学生,调查研究对象伤害发生情况。结果 共调查2859名小学生,伤害年平均发生率为30.81%(95%CI:29.12%~32.50%),伤害发生密度为2.79;受伤部位主要是腿部(35.02%)和手部(33.79%);受伤地点主要在家庭(37.69%)和学校(32.39%)。伤害类型的发生率排前三的依次为跌伤(35.64%)、割/刺伤(33.40%)和挤压伤(25.08%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示女生是挤压伤(OR=0.825)、电击伤(OR=0.594)、交通事故(OR=0.645)、砸伤(OR=0.722)、烧/烫伤(OR=0.782)、爆炸伤(OR=0.401)、溺水(OR=0.636)、中毒(OR=0.671)和抓/咬伤发生(OR=0.723)的保护因素,是多次伤害的危险因素(OR=1.323);年龄增长是跌伤(OR=1.475)、挤压伤(OR=1.620)、砸伤(OR=1.571)、烫/烧伤(OR=1.194)、刺/割伤(OR=1.464)、爆炸伤(OR=1.431)和抓/咬伤(OR=1.263)发生的危险因素,是中毒(OR=0.671)的保护因素;独自乘车(OR=0.360)和家长陪同上学(OR=0.424)相对独自步行上学是交通事故发生的保护因素伤害发生的危险因素。结论 小学生各类伤害发生率随年龄增加而上升,男生更易发生伤害;应针对低年龄小学生开展安全教育。
Objective To understand the incidence and influencing factors of injury among primary school students in Wenzhou and provide the basis for preventing child injury. Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 6 elementary schools in Wenzhou from 2013 to 2015. Three primary classes were selected for each grade in each primary school. 28 pupils in each class were selected to investigate the occurrence of injury. Results A total of 2,859 primary school students were investigated. The average annual incidence of injuries was 30.81% (95% CI: 29.12% -32.50%) and the incidence of injuries was 2.79. The injured parts were mainly the legs (35.02%) and the hands (33.79% The injuries were mainly from families (37.69%) and schools (32.39%). The top three types of injuries were fall injury (35.64%), cut / stab (33.40%) and crush injury (25.08%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the female students had crush injury (OR = 0.825), electric injury (OR = 0.594), traffic accident (OR = 0.645), bruise (OR = 0.722) The protective factors of blast injury (OR = 0.401), drowning (OR = 0.636), poisoning (OR = 0.671) and catching / bite injury (OR = 0.723) were risk factors for multiple injuries (OR = 1.323) (OR = 1.420), crush injury (OR = 1.571), burns (OR = 1.194), stab / = 1.431) and grasping / biting (OR = 1.263) were the protective factors of poisoning (OR = 0.671); they walked alone to school (OR = 0.424) Is a protective factor for traffic accidents occurred risk factors for injury. Conclusions The prevalence of various types of injuries among primary school students increases with age, and boys are more likely to be harmed. Safety education should be given to pupils at a younger age.