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目的分析河池市人间狂犬病流行特征及影响因素,为狂犬病防治提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对河池市2000～2011年狂犬病疫情监测资料进行分析。结果2000～2011年河池市共报告狂犬病318例,年均发病(死亡)率为0.70/10万,2003年后疫情出现回升。各县(市、区)均有病例报告,最少13例,最多48例。农村男性农民和学生是狂犬病高危人群,男女性别比为2.28:1;8月、11月和12月发病较多;伤人动物以犬为主,占92.97%,犬只疫苗接种率较低(25.03%),健康犬脑组织标本狂犬病毒抗原平均阳性率为4.79%;Ⅲ度伤口占52.86%,被动物伤后未接种疫苗的患者占90.75%。结论目前河池市狂犬病疫情形势仍严峻,应加强农村狂犬病的综合防制工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of human rabies in Hechi City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of rabies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of rabies epidemics in Hechi from 2000 to 2011. Results A total of 318 rabies cases were reported in Hechi from 2000 to 2011, with an average annual incidence (death rate) of 0.70 / 100 000. The epidemic recovered after 2003. Each county (city, district) have case reports, at least 13 cases, up to 48 cases. Male rural peasants and students were at high risk of rabies, with a sex ratio of 2.28: 1; incidence was higher in August, November and December; dogs were predominant in the animals, accounting for 92.97%, with low vaccination rate 25.03%). The average positive rate of rabies virus antigen in brain tissue of healthy dogs was 4.79%, that of Ⅲ degree wounds was 52.86%, and that of unvaccinated animals was 90.75%. Conclusion At present, the epidemic situation of rabies in Hechi City is still grim, and comprehensive prevention and control of rabies in rural areas should be strengthened.