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宋代以来,“养母”逐步形成为具有特定身份和法律意义的亲属称谓。宋元明清时期,养母身份既层层相因,又有发展变化,只有对不同时期文献记载进行历时和共时相结合的研究,才可能对养母身份有一个较为全面的了解。宋代以后,养母身份多以收养遗弃幼儿为主要内容,为子女利益逐渐成为古代收养制度的一项重要宗旨。养母与亲母法律地位的异同,表明在服制以外,情理也是亲属相犯量刑的标准之一。
Since the Song Dynasty, “adoptive mother ” gradually formed as a kinship with a specific status and legal significance. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the motherhood of the foster mother was not only stratified, but also evolved. Only by combining the diachronic and synchronic studies of the literature records in different periods could one have a more complete understanding of the foster motherhood. After the Song Dynasty, adoptive motherhood mostly adopted abandoned children as the main content, and interests of their children gradually became an important tenet of the ancient adoption system. The similarities and differences of the legal status of adoptive mother and pro-mother indicate that besides the service system, it is also one of the criteria for the relatives to commit sentencing.