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酪氨酸激酶（ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅ ｋｉｎａｓｅ，ＴｒｋＡ）是神经生长因子（ｎｅｒｖｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＮＧＦ）的功能性受体。胆碱乙酰化转移酶（ｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ ａｃｅｔｙｌｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ，ＣｈＡＴ）是胆碱能神经递质乙酰胆碱合成的关键酶。大鼠发育过程中基底前脑ＴｒｋＡ、ＣｈＡＴ表达有一定的规律，老龄鼠和早老性痴呆病人基底前脑ＴｒｋＡ、ＣｈＡＴ表达明显下调。ＴｒｋＡ、ＣｈＡＴ雌激素受体共存于基底前脑神经元。雌性激素对于大鼠基底前脑ＴｒｋＡ、ＣｈＡＴ维持正常的水平发挥作用。雌性激素替代治疗绝经后的妇女有助于减少其患阿尔茨海默病的可能性。
Tyrosine kinase (TrkA) is a functional receptor of nerve growth factor (NGF). Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is a key enzyme in cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine synthesis. During the development of rat, the expression of TrkA and ChAT in the basal forebrain has a certain pattern. The expressions of TrkA and ChAT in the basal forebrain of aged rats and Alzheimer’s disease patients were significantly down-regulated. TrkA, ChAT estrogen receptors coexist in basal forebrain neurons. Estrogen plays a role in maintaining normal levels of TrkA and ChAT in basal forebrain of rats. Estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women helps to reduce their chances of developing Alzheimer’s disease.