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企业是一个历史范畴,它作为替代家庭和手工作坊而出现的一种具有更高生产效率的经济组织,是劳动分工和社会生产力发展到一定水平的产物,是商品经济的产物,并伴随着资本主义生产力的发展与市场经济体制的演进,其财产组织制度及经营管理方式不断变革,经历了古典企业制度——具体为业主制与合伙企业、近代公司制企业、现代公司制企业三个阶段。现代市场经济国家企业制度的演变,与市场体制的发展成正相关。其企业制度创新是自然演进型的,是其制度结构自然选择的产物,是诱致性的制度安排,它的生长是顺向的、自然的。而我国正在推行的现代企业制度是以国有企业制度创新为主体,由政府提供制度创新的资源,是在体制转型和推进市场经济发育过程中进行的,具有强制性,属政府推进型。作为两种不同的制度创新方式,各有其特点。
The enterprise is a historical category. As a substitute for family and handicraft workshops, a more productive economic organization is a product of a certain level of division of labor and social productivity, a product of the commodity economy, accompanied by capital The development of the socialist productive forces and the evolution of the market economic system have brought about changes in the system of property management and management. They have undergone three phases of the classical enterprise system - the owners and the partnership, the modern and the modern ones. The evolution of the state enterprise system in a modern market economy is positively related to the development of the market system. The innovation of the enterprise system is a natural evolution, a product of natural selection of its institutional structure, an induced institutional arrangement whose growth is forward-looking and natural. However, the modern enterprise system that China is implementing is based on the system innovation of state-owned enterprises, and the resources provided by the government for system innovation are carried out in the process of institutional transformation and the promotion of market economy. They are mandatory and governed by the government. As two different ways of institutional innovation, each has its own characteristics.