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目的了解上海市浦东新区沿江片3岁以上居民言语残疾情况,以期早期发现言语残疾并进行康复治疗。方法根据2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查,对上海市浦东新区沿江片3岁以上居民言语语言残疾患病情况进行分层抽样横断面调查。结果共完成调查3岁以上人群5 037人,确诊言语残疾18例,人群总体患病率0.357%(18/5 037)。18例根据言语残疾类型分类:失语3例,构音障碍1例,发音障碍1例,儿童言语发育迟缓3例,听力障碍所致的言语障碍10例。言语残疾病例呈现两大特点:一为家庭聚集性,言语残疾合并听力残疾10例,其中聋哑夫妻4对占8例,遗传性疾病导致聋哑3例;另一为小区聚集性,1985年以前修建的旧小区,言语残疾病例14例,1986年以后修建的新建小区和次新小区,言语残疾病例4例,新旧小区患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论浦东新区沿江片3岁以上居民整群抽样调查言语残疾人群总体患病率0.357%,言语残疾病例呈现显著家庭聚集性和小区聚集性的特点。
Objective To understand the verbal disability of residents over the age of 3 in the Pudong New Area, Shanghai, with the purpose of early detection of speech disability and rehabilitation. Methods According to the second national sample survey of disabled persons in 2006, stratified sampling cross-sectional investigation was conducted on the prevalence of verbal and speech disabilities among residents aged 3 years and over in Yanjiang Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Results A total of 5 037 people over the age of 3 were surveyed. Among them, 18 were confirmed verbal disability and the overall prevalence was 0.357% (18/5 037). 18 cases were classified according to the type of speech disability: aphasia in 3 cases, dysarthria in 1 case, speech dysfunction in 1 case, children with speech retardation in 3 cases, hearing impairment caused by speech disorder in 10 cases. Verbal disability cases showed two major characteristics: one for the family aggregation, speech and hearing impairment in 10 cases, of which deaf-mute couple 4 cases accounted for 8 cases, 3 cases of genetic diseases deaf-mute; the other for the community aggregation, 1985 Previously built old community, 14 cases of verbal and speech disability, new and new district after 1986, 4 cases of verbal and speech disability, the difference between the old and new community was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The population prevalence rate of people aged 3 years and over in Yanjiang Pudong New Area was over 0.35. The overall prevalence rate was 0.357%. The number of speech disabled patients showed significant family aggregation and community aggregation.