共刺激分子家族是既包括以CD28为代表的促进T细胞的生长、分化和细胞因子产生的正刺激分子,也包括诱导和维持T细胞免疫耐受及凋亡的负刺激分子。正性和负性刺激分子在适当的时间和部位表达,为T细胞提供正性信号和负性信号,调控T细胞的活化、增殖、分化和功能成熟。其中传递负向信号的分子受到越来越多的重视,也不断发现一些新的成员。 The costimulatory molecule family is a positive stimulatory molecule that includes both CD28, which can promote T cell growth, differentiation and cytokine production. It also includes negative stimulator molecules that induce and maintain T cell immune tolerance and apoptosis. Positive and negative stimuli are expressed at appropriate time and location, providing positive and negative signals to T cells, which regulate T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation and functional maturation. Among them, molecules that transmit negative signals receive more and more attention, and some new members are constantly found.