公地作为一项资源或财产有许多拥有者,他们中的每一个都有使用权,但没有权利阻止其他人使用,而每一个人都倾向于过度使用,从而造成资源的枯竭。过度砍伐的森林、过度捕捞的渔业资源及污染严重的河流和空气,都是“公地悲剧”的典型例子。之所以叫悲剧,是因为每个当事人都知道资源将由于过度使 Public land has many owners as a resource or property, each of whom has the right to use but does not have the right to prevent others from using it, and each one tends to over-use, resulting in depletion of resources. Over-deforested forests, overfished fisheries and heavily polluted rivers and air are all examples of “tragedies of the commons.” Tragedy is called because each party knows that resources will be overreacted