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选用了四种季铵盐作为相转移催化剂:三甲基苄基氯化铵,三乙基苄基氯化铵,三丙基苄基氯化铵,三丁基苄基氯化铵,应用于由邻硝基氯化苯合成邻硝基苯甲醚反应中,测定了它们的假一级反应速度常数和反应活化能,求得了反应的活化焓△H~+、活化熵△S~+和活化自由能△G~+。利用季铵盐所具有的有机和无机特性,研究了大小不同烷基的季铵盐相转移催化剂的结构与反应速度常数之间的关系,并且测得四种季铵盐在水-油两相中的平衡分配比。
Four quaternary ammonium salts were selected as phase transfer catalysts: trimethylbenzylammonium chloride, triethylbenzylammonium chloride, tripropylbenzylammonium chloride, tributylbenzylammonium chloride, In the synthesis of o-nitroanisole from o-nitrobenzene, their pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants and reaction activation energies were determined. The activation enthalpies △ H ~ +, activation entropy △ S ~ + Activation free energy △ G ~ +. Using the organic and inorganic properties of quaternary ammonium salts, the relationship between the structure of quaternary ammonium salt phase-transfer catalysts with different alkyl groups and reaction rate constants has been studied. And four kinds of quaternary ammonium salts were measured in water-oil two-phase In the balance of distribution ratio.