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Two rice maintaining lines with different drought tolerances,viz.,Jin 23B (tolerant) and Zhenshan 97B (sensitive),were used to study the oxidative stress and soluble sugar in rice anthers and pollen viability under drought stress during flowering stage.Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malonaldehyde (MDA) content in rice anthers were observed in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B under drought stress.Further,a great increase in the content of soluble sugar in rice anthers of Jin 23B was observed across the whole drought exposure,while Zhenshan 97B showed significant decrease in soluble sugar during 9-12 d after drought stress (DADS).Accordingly,a marked decline of pollen fertility and activity,pollen numbers in an anther and pollen numbers on a stigma was observed in Zhenshan 97B,whereas little difference was found in Jin 23B.Thus,we suggest that pollen abortion caused by drought stress may be related with the reciprocity between oxidative stress and soluble sugar content in rice anthers.