目的探讨影响艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)生命质量的因素,为改善病人的生命质量提供依据。方法选取年龄>14岁、有一定文化基础、能独立完成问卷调查,并且自愿参与调查研究的HIV/AIDS病人为研究对象,应用Epidata 3.0建立数据库,采用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果共调查248例HIV/AIDS病人。从多因素分析看,HIV/AIDS病人生命质量各领域得分从高到低依次为特异功能(HIV)、生理功能(PHD)、心理功能(PSD)、社会功能(SOD),其得分分别为(85.29±1.17)分、(75.13±1.23)分、(61.02±1.56)分、(60.14±1.42)分(F=198.33,P<0.05)。从单因素分析看,社会功能领域得分在性别之间及感染途径上存在差异,女性高于男性(t=-4.431,P<0.05),静脉吸毒组、性传播组高于其他组(F=5.866,P<0.05);病人的特异功能领域在不同年龄组和婚姻状况之间差异有统计学意义,即<45岁组及45~60岁组得分高于60岁以上组(F=3.885,P<0.05),已婚组优于未婚组、其他组(包括离异、丧偶等)(F=4.860,P<0.05)。HIV/AIDS病人的4个领域得分在世界卫生组织(WHO)的临床分期之间存在统计学差异,1期与2期优于3~4期,(FPHD=15.864,FPSD=4.677,FSOD=7.284,FHIV=38.905,P<0.05);生理功能领域在病毒载量分组之间存在统计学差异,病毒载量低于1 000拷贝/mL的病人得分高于病毒载量高于1 000拷贝/mL的病人(t=-4.42,P<0.05);在不同CD4+T淋巴细胞分组之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论躯体不适和心理压力是影响HIV/AIDS病人生命质量较为重要的因素,老年患者、未婚患者、WHO分期较高及病毒载量高于1 000拷贝/mL的病人生命质量较差,从事艾滋病防治的医务人员应针对重点人群开展全面干预,进一步提高病人的生命质量。 Objective To explore the factors influencing the quality of life of people living with HIV / AIDS (referred to as HIV / AIDS patients) and provide the basis for improving their quality of life. Methods HIV / AIDS patients aged 14 years or older who had a certain cultural background, who could complete the questionnaire independently and participated in the survey voluntarily were chosen as the research subjects. Epidata 3.0 was used to establish the database and SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 248 HIV / AIDS patients were investigated. From the perspective of multivariate analysis, the scores of HIV / AIDS patients’ life quality from high to low were as follows: HIV, PHD, PSD, and SOD, all of which were ( 85.29 ± 1.17), (75.13 ± 1.23) points, (61.02 ± 1.56) points and (60.14 ± 1.42) points respectively (F = 198.33, P <0.05). In the univariate analysis, there were differences in gender and infection route among the scores of social functional areas, with higher scores in women than in men (t = -4.431, P <0.05), intravenous drug users and sexually transmitted patients (F = 5.866, P <0.05). There were significant differences in patients’ specific functional domains between different age groups and marital status, that is, the score of 45-year-old group and 45-60-year old group was higher than that of 60-year-old group (F = 3.885, P <0.05). The married group was better than the unmarried group and other groups (including divorced, widowed, etc.) (F = 4.860, P <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the WHO staging of HIV / AIDS patients in the four domains, with better than 3 stages in stages 1 and 2 (FPHD = 15.864, FPSD = 4.677, FSOD = 7.284 , FHIV = 38.905, P <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the viral load groups in the field of physiological function. The score of patients with viral load lower than 1 000 copies / mL was higher than the viral load higher than 1 000 copies / mL (T = -4.42, P <0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups of different CD4 + T lymphocytes (P> 0.05). Conclusion Physical discomfort and psychological stress are the most important factors affecting the quality of life of HIV / AIDS patients. Elderly patients, unmarried patients, patients with high WHO staging and viral loads higher than 1 000 copies / mL have poor quality of life and are engaged in AIDS prevention and treatment Of medical staff should focus on the crowd to carry out comprehensive intervention to further improve the quality of life of patients.