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采用冷态模型实验和计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模拟相结合的手段进行加氢反应器气液分配器匹配化设计与优化。实验结果表明,CFD模拟与冷模实验得到的液位相对偏差大部分均在10%以内,这说明建立的CFD模拟条件及模型是准确的。随后考察气液物性对分配器内气液两相流动状态的影响,并进行冷热态条件下CFD模拟结果对比。CFD模拟结果表明,通过相似原理进行的冷热态条件换算是可靠的。与现有技术相比,采用匹配化设计的新型气液分配器流体分配不均匀因子只有0.06,小于现有技术的0.29,新型分配器具有更好的流体分配均匀性。工业应用结果表明,采用匹配化设计的新型气液分配器可降床层径向温差由20℃左右降低至5℃左右,为重蜡油加氢装置长周期运行提供了可靠的技术保证。
The design and optimization of gas-liquid distributor matching in hydrogenation reactor were designed by the combination of cold model experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The experimental results show that the relative deviation of the liquid level obtained by the CFD simulation and the cold mode experiment is mostly within 10%, which shows that the established CFD simulation conditions and models are accurate. Then, the influence of gas and liquid properties on gas-liquid two-phase flow in the distributor was investigated and the CFD simulation results were compared under hot and cold conditions. The CFD simulation results show that conversion of the hot and cold conditions by the similar principle is reliable. Compared with the prior art, the new gas-liquid dispenser with a matching design has a fluid distribution unevenness factor of only 0.06, less than 0.29 of the prior art, and the new dispenser has better fluid distribution uniformity. Industrial application results show that the new gas-liquid distributor with matching design can reduce the radial temperature difference of the bed from about 20 ℃ to about 5 ℃, which provides a reliable technical guarantee for the long period operation of heavy oil hydrogenation unit.