对368份太湖地区晚粳稻地方种材料的植株及品质性状进行分析与测定,结果表明种质间的性状均有极显著差异。植株形态及穗粒特性中,株高的变化从120.5~160.5cm,每穗总粒数变化在69.9~144.0粒/穗,千粒重的极差达10.7g。在品质性状上,整精米率变化在50.05%~77.05%间,垩白率、垩白度平均48.31%、5.36%,直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量分别变化在12.8%~25.8%、7.55%~14.55%,平均分别为17.5%、9.42%,总体加工、蒸煮品质较优,外观品质较差。不同级分的种质资源数量的分布总体上亦呈正态分布的特征,如株高主要集中在137cm左右,占41.7%,每穗总粒数主要分布在92.3~110.0粒/穗间,占57.2%,千粒重主要在27.0~28.0g间,占41.7%。种质材料的植株及品质性状均具有较高的遗传多样性,穗粒性状、品质性状、植株形态性状的遗传多样性指数分别为2.02、1.87、1.54。种质资源材料中共有15个大穗型种质,穗粒数超过了140粒/穗,如天下第一种、千斤稻、晚慢种等,还有一些穗粒数低于70粒/穗的小穗型品种,如白叠谷、硬头颈、绿种等,直链淀粉含量≤15%的种质有22个,如来自吴江的田鸡青、野凤凰,也有一些高直链淀粉含量的种质材料,如矮土种、红芒种、木樨球和野稻。优质加工、外观品质的种质资源数量较少,吴江的晚洋稻、野凤凰两个材料属于低直链淀粉含量并且加工、外观品质为优质的种质资源。 The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among the 368 accessions of late japonica rice cultivars and their quality traits in Taihu Lake region. Plant morphology and characteristics of panicles, the plant height changes from 120.5 to 160.5cm, the total number of grains per panicle changes in the 69.9 ~ 144.0 grains / spike, grain weight of 10.7g. In quality traits, milled rice rate varied from 50.05% to 77.05%, chalky rate and chalkiness averaged 48.31% and 5.36%, amylose content and protein content varied from 12.8% to 25.8% and 7.55% 14.55%, with an average of 17.5% and 9.42% respectively. The overall processing, cooking quality is better, and the appearance quality is poor. The distribution of germplasm resources in different fractions was generally distributed in a normal distribution. For example, the plant height was mainly about 137cm, accounting for 41.7%. The total number of grains per panicle mainly distributed between 92.3-110.0 grains per spike 57.2%, the main grain weight is 27.0 ~ 28.0g, accounting for 41.7%. The germplasm of plants and quality traits all had high genetic diversity. The index of genetic diversity of grain traits, quality traits and plant morphological traits were 2.02, 1.87 and 1.54 respectively. A total of 15 germplasm resources of large panicle type germplasm, spikelets more than 140 grains / spike, such as the world’s first, jackfruit, late slow species, there are some grains less than 70 grains per spike Of the spikelet varieties, such as whitefold valley, hard head and neck, green and so on. There are 22 germplasms with amylose content less than 15%, such as the green and wild phoenix from Wujiang, some high amylose content germplasm Materials, such as short soil species, red mangrove species, clogs and wild rice. Quality processing, the appearance of quality germplasm resources less, Wujiang late rice, wild phoenix two materials are low amylose content and processing, the appearance of high quality germplasm resources.