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以陕北风沙土为研究对象,比较了微型蒸渗仪高度(10、15、20和25 cm)、内径(10和15 cm)和封底材料(薄铁皮和细纱布)对土壤蒸发测定结果的影响。结果表明,不同规格蒸渗仪测定的土壤蒸发量具有很好的相关性。当内径为10 cm时,土壤蒸发量的测定值随高度的增加而增加,高度为20 cm时的测定值显著大于10 cm时。当高度为10 cm时,将内径由10 cm增加至15 cm对土壤蒸发的测定没有显著影响。高度和内径一定时,将封底材料由薄铁皮换为细纱布时测定的土壤蒸发量显著增加。高度为20 cm时,土壤蒸发测定的精度最高,为98.5%,其次是高度为25 cm和15 cm时,精度分别为96.3%和93.5%。综合考虑精度和便捷性,推荐使用高度为20 cm、内径为10 cm且用薄铁皮封底的微型蒸渗仪。
Taking the sandy loam in Northern Shaanxi as the research object, the results of soil evaporation measurements comparing the height (10,15,20 and 25 cm), the inner diameter (10 and 15 cm) and the back cover material (thin sheet metal and fine gauze) influences. The results showed that soil evaporation measured by different specifications of lysimeter had a good correlation. When the inner diameter is 10 cm, the measured value of soil evaporation increases with height, and when the height is 20 cm, the measured value is significantly larger than 10 cm. At a height of 10 cm, increasing the inner diameter from 10 cm to 15 cm did not have a significant effect on the determination of soil evaporation. When the height and the inner diameter are certain, the soil evaporation measured when the back cover material is changed from thin iron sheet to fine gauze is remarkably increased. The highest accuracy was 98.5% for soil evaporation at 20 cm height, followed by 96.3% and 93.5% for 25 cm and 15 cm height, respectively. Considering the accuracy and convenience, we recommend the use of a micro-lysimeter with a height of 20 cm and an inner diameter of 10 cm and covered with a thin metal cover.