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目的通过分析2008—2011年上海市黄浦区肺结核流行特征,为今后的肺结核预防控制工作提供依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病专报中,首管理单位为黄浦区疾病预防控制中心的肺结核患者资料进行核实、汇总;利用Excel 2007和SPSS 17.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 2008—2010年黄浦区肺结核发病率和涂阳率递减,但2011年较上一年升高;男性肺结核发病率和涂阳率均比女性高,但女性疫情出现回升比男性早;肺结核患者平均年龄为(48.14±20.26)岁,男性发病年龄显著高于女性(P=0.001),70岁以上年龄段的发病率迅速上升;以每年7、8月为发病高峰,老西门社区发病率最高;目前病例发现方式以因症就诊为主(53.98%),但健康检查方式所占比例逐年上升;发病类型以新发病例为主,复发病例的涂阳率显著高于新发病例(P<0.01)。结论应进一步加强黄浦区肺结核疫情监测与分析,探索2011年疫情回升及女性发病率升高的原因;加强对肺结核防治人员的业务培训,不断提高对肺结核患者,尤其是涂阴肺结核患者的诊断能力。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Huangpu District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2011 and provide the basis for future prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods The information of tuberculosis patients in China CDC was verified and summarized in the first management unit of tuberculosis patients in Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The data were statistically analyzed with Excel 2007 and SPSS 17.0. Results The incidence and smear rate of tuberculosis in Huangpu District decreased from 2008 to 2010, but increased in 2011 compared with the previous year. The incidence and smear rate of tuberculosis in males were higher than those in females, but the incidence of female epidemics rose earlier than that of males. The mean age was (48.14 ± 20.26) years old, the incidence of male age was significantly higher than that of female (P = 0.001), and the incidence of age over 70 years old increased rapidly. The peak incidence was in July and August of each year, and the incidence of Laoximen community was the highest (53.98%), but the proportion of health examination methods increased year by year; the incidence type was mainly new cases, and the smear-positive rate of recurrent cases was significantly higher than that of newly diagnosed cases (P < 0.01). Conclusions The surveillance and analysis of tuberculosis epidemic situation in Huangpu District should be further strengthened to explore the reasons for the rise of epidemic situation and the rising incidence of women in 2011. The training of tuberculosis prevention and control personnel should be further strengthened so as to improve the diagnostic ability of patients with tuberculosis especially those with smear negative tuberculosis .