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利用微乳液法合成纳米镍催化剂,采用透射电镜对其进行表征,在200℃时对超稠油进行水热裂解催化反应,通过气相色谱仪、元素分析仪、相对分子质量测定仪、红外光谱仪对反应前后稠油的物化性质进行分析。结果表明:水热裂解催化反应后,超稠油降黏率达90.36%,稠油胶质与沥青质含量减少,稠油相对分子质量下降,沥青质相对分子质量降低幅度最大;反应后稠油及其重质组分的氢碳原子数比增加,硫与氮含量减少,氧含量增加;稠油发生水热裂解反应的同时,存在沥青质的聚合反应,沥青质的裂解在降黏反应中起到了关键的作用;纳米镍催化剂促进了水热裂解反应,同时抑制了聚合反应;纳米镍催化剂协同作用使高温水与稠油发生反应,产生具有表面活性的醇类、酚类、羧酸类等物质,导致反应后稠油含氧量增加,黏度降低。
The nano-nickel catalyst was synthesized by microemulsion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The super-heavy oil was subjected to hydrothermal cracking catalyzed reaction at 200 ℃. The gas chromatographic analysis, elemental analysis, relative molecular mass spectrometer and infrared spectroscopy The physicochemical properties of heavy oil before and after the reaction were analyzed. The results showed that the viscosity-reducing rate of super heavy oil reached 90.36% after hydrothermal pyrolysis catalysis reaction, the content of gum and asphaltene in heavy oil decreased, the relative molecular weight of heavy oil decreased, and the relative molecular weight of asphaltene decreased the most. After the reaction, heavy oil And its heavy components increased the number of hydrogen to carbon atoms, sulfur and nitrogen decreased, the oxygen content increased; heavy oil hydrothermal cracking reaction at the same time, the existence of asphaltene polymerization, asphaltene cracking in the viscosity reduction reaction Played a key role; nano-nickel catalyst to promote hydrothermal cracking reaction, while inhibiting the polymerization reaction; nano-nickel catalyst synergistic reaction of high temperature water and heavy oil to produce surface-active alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids And other substances, resulting in the reaction of oxygen content of heavy oil increased viscosity decreased.