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目前,肿瘤的标准治疗包括手术、放射疗法、化学疗法、温热疗法和生物/免疫疗法。溶瘤病毒治疗,即利用病毒的复制能力,选择性感染和破坏肿瘤细胞,同时保留正常细胞和组织,是肿瘤生物/免疫治疗的一个新疗法。基因治疗一直是肿瘤生物治疗的重要策略,利用基因工程策略在溶瘤病毒载体上插入抗癌基因,将病毒治疗与基因治疗有机结合,成为具有很强杀伤作用的基因–病毒治疗手段。近年来,以溶瘤痘病毒为载体的肿瘤基因治疗受到较多关注,通过基因工程策略对痘病毒进行改造是提高其抗肿瘤作用的重要策略。目前,用于基因工程改造的溶瘤痘病毒主要有Wyeth株、WR(Western Reverse)株、Lister株、Copenhagen株和天坛株。该文就目前对痘病毒进行基因工程改造的常见形式以及经基因工程改造的痘病毒用于治疗肿瘤的研究进展作一综述。
Currently, standard therapies for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, thermotherapy and bio / immunotherapy. Oncolytic virus therapy, the use of viral replication capabilities, to selectively infect and destroy tumor cells while retaining normal cells and tissues, is a new therapy for tumor bio / immunotherapy. Gene therapy has always been an important strategy in tumor biotherapy. Using gene engineering strategy to insert anti-oncogene on the oncolytic virus vector and combine virus therapy and gene therapy, it becomes a gene-virus therapy with strong killing effect. In recent years, the treatment of oncolytic poxvirus as a carrier of gene therapy has received more attention. The genetic engineering strategy to modify the poxvirus is an important strategy to improve its anti-tumor effect. At present, there are mainly Wyeth strains, Western (Reverse) strains, Lister strains, Copenhagen strains and Tiantan strains used for genetic engineering. In this paper, the common forms of genetic modification of poxvirus and the research progress of the poxvirus genetically engineered for the treatment of tumors are reviewed.