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杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白受体(killer cell immnoglobulin-like receptor,KIR)主要在NK细胞以及部分T细胞(主要是CD8+细胞)上表达,分为激活型或抑制型KIR,其配体为HLA-Ⅰ类分子,传递免疫活化信号或抑制信号,而抑制型KIR为常态,并且在不同人群中呈现KIR基因多态性。近年来KIR越来越广泛的应用于种族渊源、干细胞及器官移植、自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤、病毒感染、妊娠等研究领域,并受到重视,逐渐形成新的研究热点,现就KIR的分子生物学基础及应用研究综述如下。
The killer cell immnoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) is mainly expressed on NK cells and some T cells (mainly CD8 + cells), and is divided into an active or inhibitory KIR whose ligand is HLA-I Class molecules that deliver immune activation signals or suppressor signals, whereas inhibitory KIR is the norm, and KIR gene polymorphism is present in different populations. In recent years, KIR is more and more widely used in the research fields of ethnic origin, stem cell and organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, tumors, viral infections and pregnancy, and has drawn much attention and gradually formed a new research hot spot. Now KIR molecular biology The basic and applied research summarized as follows.