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目的了解宝山区近两年的水痘暴发情况及暴发点水痘疫苗接种情况,为水痘疫情的防控提供参考依据。方法对2009年10月～2011年9月发生在上海市宝山区的水痘暴发疫情进行描述性分析,并对突破病例与自然感染病例的临床症状进行比较。结果宝山区近两年的水痘暴发疫情主要发生在学校和幼托机构,各暴发点罹患率在0.35%～5.88%之间;61.5%的暴发病例分布在6～11岁;暴发病例中有明确的水痘疫苗接种史者占26.87%;93.27%的突破病例接种间隔在3年以上;突破病例的临床症状轻于自然感染病例。结论目前宝山区水痘暴发疫情的防控形势严峻,应严格落实各项防控措施,通过扩大卫生宣传、提高水痘疫苗免疫接种率、并适时地推广水痘疫苗的应急接种和加强接种策略等综合性措施,有效防止水痘的暴发流行。
Objective To understand the outbreak of chicken pox in the past two years in Baoshan District and the situation of chickenpox vaccination in outbreak point so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic of chicken pox. Methods A descriptive analysis of the outbreak of chickenpox in Baoshan District, Shanghai from October 2009 to September 2011 was conducted. The clinical symptoms of the cases of breakthrough and natural infection were compared. Results The outbreaks of chickenpox in Baoshan District occurred in schools and kindergartens in recent two years. The outbreak rates were between 0.35% and 5.88% in all outbreaks. Outbreaks were reported in 61.5% of cases from 6 to 11 years. Outbreaks were clear Of the varicella vaccination history accounted for 26.87%; 93.27% of breakthrough cases vaccination interval of more than 3 years; breakthrough cases of clinical symptoms lighter than natural infection cases. Conclusions At present, the situation of prevention and control of chickenpox outbreak in Baoshan District is severe. Various prevention and control measures should be strictly implemented. The comprehensive vaccination strategy should be promoted by expanding the publicity of health, increasing the vaccination rate of varicella vaccine and promoting the timely vaccination of varicella vaccine Measures to prevent the outbreak of chickenpox epidemic.