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【目的】木霉是食用菌生产过程中侵染率较高的杂菌,通常使用化学药剂消杀,但这会带来农药残留问题,利用死谷芽孢杆菌防治木霉展开研究。【方法】首先确定死谷芽孢杆菌抑制木霉的成分是胞内还是胞外物质;其次有效物质经过提取,分析其理化性质的稳定性;最后研究在香菇栽培料中的初步应用效果。【结果】提取的死谷芽孢杆菌胞外分泌物属于脂肽类,能有效抑制木霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长,0.02 g/L即可达到62.8%的抑菌率,对香菇菌丝生长影响较小,且理化性质比较稳定。香菇栽培料中添加26.6%的36 h死谷芽孢杆菌发酵液,对木霉菌丝抑制程度最高,防治效果较理想。【结论】死谷芽孢杆菌产生的胞外分泌物对木霉有良好的抑制作用,虽然对香菇的菌丝萌发也有一定的抑制作用,但从减少农药残留问题考虑,值得进一步研究。
【Objective】 Trichoderma is a kind of bacteria with high infection rate in edible fungus production process. It usually uses chemical agents to kill but it will bring pesticide residue problem, and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis to control Trichoderma begin to study. 【Method】 Firstly, the composition of Trichoderma inhibition against Trichoderma necrosis was intracellular or extracellular substances; secondly, the effective substances were extracted to analyze the stability of their physical and chemical properties; finally, the preliminary application effect in the mushroom material was studied. 【Result】 Extracted Bacillus cereus extracellular secretions belong to lipopeptides, which can effectively inhibit Trichoderma spore germination and mycelium growth, 0.02 g / L to reach 62.8% inhibition rate, the mycelium growth than mushroom Small, and relatively stable physical and chemical properties. The 26.6% 36 h Bacillus cereus fermentation broth was added to the mushroom material, which had the highest inhibition to Trichoderma mycelium and the better control effect. 【Conclusion】 Extracellular secretions produced by Bacillus thuringiensis have a good inhibitory effect on Trichoderma spp., Although it can inhibit mycelial germination of mushrooms to some extent. However, it is worth further study to reduce pesticide residues.