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结构调整是推动经济发展的基本要素之一。经济发展就是通过对结构的规律性调整和转换而实现的。一个新的经济增长阶段的形成,往往伴随着一次大的经济结构调整。 20世纪80年代,美国经济受到日本强有力的挑战,竞争力下降,经济处于低迷状态。美国及时进行了抢占世界科技发展制高点的战略调整,大力发展以信息技术为重点的高技术产业,并将高技术用于传统产业,推动了美国经济90年代以来持续的强劲增长;而日本在90年代初泡沫经济破灭后,没能及时调整经济结构,在高新技术产业的关键领域取得领先地位,结果至今仍未走出经济低谷。
Structural adjustment is one of the basic elements for promoting economic development. Economic development is achieved through the regular adjustment and transformation of the structure. The formation of a new phase of economic growth is often accompanied by a major economic restructuring. In the 1980s, the U.S. economy was challenged by Japan in a formidable manner, its competitiveness declined and its economy was in a downturn. The United States promptly carried out the strategic readjustment of seizing the commanding height of the world’s scientific and technological advancement, vigorously developing the hi-tech industry with a focus on information technology, and using high technology in traditional industries, which pushed the sustained and strong growth of the U.S. economy since the 1990s. On the other hand, After the bubble economy burst in the early 1950s, it failed to timely adjust its economic structure and took the leading position in the key areas of high-tech industries. As a result, it has yet to get out of the economic doldrums.